Services · Tax

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From employee income tax calculations to periodic and annual return filing and Coretax migration — your business tax obligations handled accurately and on time, in full compliance with Indonesian tax law.

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Tax Guide for Business Owners

Three things every business owner should understand before a tax deadline arrives. Knowing which taxes apply, the right rates, and the filing calendar is the difference between a quiet year and a painful audit.

01 / Fundamentals
Which Taxes Apply to You

Most Indonesian businesses deal with a handful of taxes. Knowing which ones apply to your entity is the first step to staying compliant.

1PPh 21 — employee income tax
2PPh 23 — services, rent, royalty
3PPh 25/29 — installments & annual
4PPh Final UMKM — 0.5% of turnover
5PPN — 11% VAT (for PKP)
umkm relief
Businesses with annual turnover up to Rp4.8 billion may use the final 0.5% rate (PP 55/2022) instead of normal rates — but you still must report. Skipping the report is the most common UMKM mistake.
02 / Reference
Personal Income Tax Rates

The progressive brackets under UU HPP, applied to annual taxable income (after PTKP). The table you'll reference every March.

Annual taxable income Rate
0 – 60M5%
>60 – 250M15%
>250 – 500M25%
>500M – 5B30%
>5B35%
PTKP reminder — a single taxpayer with no dependents (TK/0) is exempt on the first Rp54,000,000 of annual income.
03 / Calendar
Key Filing Deadlines

Miss a deadline and penalties accrue automatically. These four dates cover most businesses through the year.

MSPT Masa PPh — 20th of next month
MSPT Masa PPN — end of next month
YSPT Tahunan — Personal — 31 March
YSPT Tahunan — Corporate — 30 April
coretax 2025
All filing now runs through DJP Coretax. Make sure your NPWP/NIK is valid and your Coretax account is active well before the deadline — last-minute access problems cause most late filings.
client casebook

Casebook — Palu Businesses

The same five Palu businesses, now through the tax lens — which taxes apply, the exact computations, and the compliance traps for each. This completes the three lenses: the Accounting page records the books, the Finance page reads them, and this page reports them to DJP. Follow Accounting → on any case to see the other two.

select a case
Case 01
Kopi Tadulako
Café · Non-PKP
0.5% Final Tax
View tax →
Case 02
Toko Makmur
Grocery · PKP
VAT 11%
View tax →
Case 03
CV Solusi Digital
IT · PKP
Art. 21 & 23
View tax →
Case 04
PT Bangun Sulawesi
Construction
Final Tax Art. 4(2)
View tax →
Case 05
Kos Pak Haris
Rental · Final
10% Rental Tax
View tax →
CASE 01 · JANUARY 2025

Kopi Tadulako

A sole-proprietor café. The simplest taxpayer: one final tax on turnover and payroll below threshold. But there’s a relief that’s often missed.

Business CaféStatus Non-VAT registeredRegime Final 0.5%Revenue Rp 32.93M/moLens Final tax & PPh 21
UMKM Final Tax 0.5% · January 2025

PP 55/2022: businesses with turnover ≤ Rp 4.8 B/year may use a final 0.5% rate on gross turnover instead of normal rates.

ComponentValue
Gross turnover JanuaryRp 32,930,000
Final rate (PP 55/2022)0,5%
Final tax (nominal)Rp 164,650
Cumulative YTD turnoverRp 32,930,000
Tax remitted this monthRp 0
Rate
0,5%
Nominal
Rp 164,650
Remitted
Rp 0
The missed relief
First Rp 500 million is exempt
For individual taxpayers, UU HPP exempts the first Rp 500 million of gross turnover per year from the 0.5% final tax. At ±Rp 33 M/month (±Rp 395 M/year), Kopi Tadulako likely owes no final tax at all this year — it only begins once cumulative turnover crosses Rp 500 M. Recording turnover and filing the annual return is still mandatory.
PPh 21 & PTKP Threshold · January 2025

PPh 21 is only withheld when an employee’s annual income crosses the PTKP (TK/0 = Rp 54 M/year or Rp 4.5 M/month).

EmployeeGross/moAllowanceArt. 21
Rina Marlina — BaristaRp 4,000,000TK/0Rp 0
Dedy Kurniawan — BaristaRp 4,000,000TK/0Rp 0
Pak Hasan — OwnerK/1Rp 0
TOTAL ART. 21Rp 0
Taxable staff
0 of 2
PPh 21 / mo
Rp 0
Owner return
1770
Compliance
Zero withholding isn’t zero obligation
Salaries of Rp 4 M/month (±Rp 48 M/year) fall below the TK/0 PTKP → PPh 21 = Rp 0. But Pak Hasan, as owner, must still file the annual 1770 return on business profit. Tip: help both baristas obtain an NPWP — it smooths things if pay later rises above the threshold.
source books
See the bookkeeping & finance lenses for Kopi Tadulako
The same case appears on the Accounting page (how it’s recorded) and the Finance page (what it means). This is the compliance lens.
Accounting  
CASE 02 · JANUARY 2025

Toko Makmur

A PKP grocery store. Its main duty is VAT: collect on sales, pay on purchases, remit the difference. A real monthly tax cash flow.

Business GroceryStatus VAT-registeredTax VAT 11%Method FIFOLens VAT & PPh
VAT Recap · January 2025

Output VAT (collected on sales) less Input VAT (paid on purchases). A positive difference is payable and must be remitted.

ComponentTax baseVAT 11%
Output VAT (sales)Rp 27,460,000Rp 3,020,600
Input VAT (purchases)Rp 18,285,000Rp 2,011,350
VAT payable (remit to DJP)Rp 1,009,250
Output VAT
Rp 3.02M
Input VAT
Rp 2.01M
Remit
Rp 1.01M
Deadline & discipline
File the periodic VAT return by month-end following
The Rp 1,009,250 payable is remitted and reported via Coretax by the end of the following month. Collected VAT isn’t the store’s income — it’s held for the state. Safe practice: move it to a separate account as output invoices are issued, so it isn’t spent on restocking.
Final Tax & Payroll · January 2025

Being a PKP triggers VAT but doesn’t change its income-tax regime. Store turnover is still within the UMKM threshold.

ObligationBasisResult
UMKM final tax 0.5%Monthly turnover± Rp 137,300
Store payroll PPh 21Below PTKPRp 0
Periodic VAT returnMonthlyRequired
Main duty
VAT
Final tax
± Rp 137k
Art. 21
Rp 0
Priority
VAT is the real cash burden; final tax is small
Because grocery margins are thin, the 0.5% final tax on turnover is relatively small. What actually drives the tax cash flow is the monthly VAT payable. Compliance focus: keep input and output tax invoices in order so all Input VAT is creditable.
source books
See the bookkeeping & finance lenses for Toko Makmur
The same case appears on the Accounting page (how it’s recorded) and the Finance page (what it means). This is the compliance lens.
Accounting  
CASE 03 · JANUARY 2025

CV Solusi Digital

A software house with five staff paid above PTKP. Three withholding duties at once — and one easily-missed penalty risk.

Business IT servicesStatus VAT-registeredTax PPh 23 & VATStaff 5 peopleLens Art. 21 & Art. 23
Employee PPh 21 · January 2025

As a withholding agent, CV Solusi deducts PPh 21 from salaries monthly and remits to DJP by the 10th of the following month.

EmployeeGross/moTax IDPPh 21/mo
Arif — Director (K/2)18.000.0001.281.250
Novia — Sr Developer (TK/0)11.500.000475.000
Rizky — Backend (K/1)9.500.000188.750
Dewi — UI/UX (TK/0)7.750.000None143.125
Bagas — Junior (TK/0)6.000.000None60.000
TOTAL52.750.0002.148.125
Taxable staff
5 of 5
PPh 21 / mo
Rp 2.15M
Without NPWP
2 people
Penalty risk
Dewi & Bagas without NPWP → 20% surcharge
Under Article 21(5a) of the Income Tax Law, staff without an NPWP are withheld 20% more. The figures above don’t yet apply it to Dewi & Bagas. If DJP audits, CV Solusi (the withholder) bears the shortfall plus penalties. Quick fix: help both register online at ereg.pajak.go.id — ±30 minutes, and the surcharge no longer applies.
PPh 23 & VAT · January 2025

Corporate clients withhold PPh 23 on services; CV Solusi collects VAT. Both flow separately from employee PPh 21.

ObligationBasisRateValue
PPh 23 withheld by client180.000.0002%3.600.000
Output VAT (services)180.000.00011%19.800.000
PPh 23 (credit)
Rp 3.6M
Output VAT
Rp 19.8M
PPh 23 nature
Tax credit
Don’t misbook it
PPh 23 is a tax credit, not an expense
The Rp 3.6 M PPh 23 withheld by clients is not an expense — it reduces CV Solusi’s corporate income tax at year-end (a tax credit). Common error: booking it as a cost, which understates profit and forfeits the credit. Keep every client PPh 23 withholding slip to support the credit in the annual corporate return.
source books
See the bookkeeping & finance lenses for CV Solusi Digital
The same case appears on the Accounting page (how it’s recorded) and the Finance page (what it means). This is the compliance lens.
Accounting  
CASE 04 · JANUARY 2025

PT Bangun Sulawesi

A building contractor. Construction services carry a final Article 4(2) tax, and its workforce is mixed — the most common source of PPh 21 error in this industry.

Business ConstructionStatus VAT-registered · PTTax Final PPh 4(2)Contract Rp 2.8 BLens Art. 4(2) & Art. 21
Final Article 4(2) Tax · Progress I

Construction services carry a final tax, withheld by the client on each progress claim. The rate depends on the contractor’s qualification.

ComponentValue
Total contract valueRp 2,800,000,000
Progress I billed (base)Rp 840,000,000
Rate — qualified contractor2,65%
PPh 4(2) withheld (FINAL)Rp 22,260,000
Rate
2,65%
Withheld Progress I
Rp 22.26M
Nature
FINAL
Nature of a final tax
Not creditable, separate from corporate tax
The final Article 4(2) construction tax is not a creditable credit — it settles the income-tax liability on that construction income regardless of profit. The client withholds it on each progress claim (Progress I: Rp 22.26 M). Cash implication: progress receipts already arrive net of this withholding, so project cash-flow forecasts must use net values.
Mixed-Workforce PPh 21 · January 2025

Permanent staff, skilled workers (tukang), and daily labourers are treated differently. Assuming ‘all tukang are exempt’ is a costly trap.

GroupCountStatusPPh 21/mo
Permanent staff5Taxable3.085.000
Tukang above PTKP7Taxable184.500
Tukang below PTKP2ExemptRp 0
Daily labourers15ExemptRp 0
TOTAL ART. 21293.269.375
PPh 21 due
12 people
PPh 21 / mo
Rp 3.27M
Wrong assumption
7 tradesmen
Industry trap
Seven tukang EXCEED the PTKP — not exempt
Many contractors assume every tukang is PPh 21-exempt. Wrong: 7 of 9 tukang here exceed the TK/0 PTKP (Rp 54 M/year) and owe PPh 21. Only two below-threshold tukang and the 15 daily labourers are genuinely exempt. A blanket exemption = underpayment = penalties at audit. Also mandatory: BPJS employment & health cover for all permanent staff.
source books
See the bookkeeping & finance lenses for PT Bangun Sulawesi
The same case appears on the Accounting page (how it’s recorded) and the Finance page (what it means). This is the compliance lens.
Accounting  
CASE 05 · JANUARY 2025

Kos Pak Haris

A 20-room boarding house owned by an individual. Rental income on land/buildings carries one simple final tax — but there’s a nuance on who withholds.

Business Boarding houseStatus Non-VATTax Final 10%Capacity 20 roomsLens Rental final tax
Final Article 4(2) Rental Tax · January 2025

Renting land and/or buildings carries a final 10% tax on gross rent (PP 34/2017), boarding rooms included.

ComponentValue
Rent receivedRp 15,450,000
Final 4(2) rate — rent10%
Final tax due (FINAL)Rp 1,545,000
Rate
10%
Final tax / mo
Rp 1.55M
Nature
FINAL
Who withholds?
Corporate tenant withholds; individual tenant → self-deposit
If the tenant is a business/withholding agent, they withhold the 10% and issue a slip. For ordinary individual tenants (students/workers), Pak Haris self-deposits the 10% final tax and reports it. This final tax is separate from the progressive brackets — rental income isn’t pooled with other income for re-computation.
Annual Return & Compliance · 2025

As an individual with a business, Pak Haris files via the 1770 annual return; rent enters as final-taxed income.

AspectTreatment
Return form1770 (individual w/ business)
VAT statusResidential rent — outside VAT
Caretaker PPh 21Rp 1.8M/mo < PTKP → Rp 0
Form
1770
VAT
Outside VAT
Caretaker PPh 21
Rp 0
Compliance picture
One final tax, one annual return
This boarding-house model is tax-light: 10% final tax on rent (monthly) and the 1770 annual return (yearly). The caretaker is below PTKP → no PPh 21. The thing to watch: record all rent receipts in full — the final tax base is gross, not net of costs, so a vacant room reduces both the tax and the cash flow directly.
source books
See the bookkeeping & finance lenses for Kos Pak Haris
The same case appears on the Accounting page (how it’s recorded) and the Finance page (what it means). This is the compliance lens.
Accounting  

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